The changing nature of state sponsorship of terrorism brookings. The purpose of this project was to analyze states and municipalities terrorism preparedness as a. Other examples of state terrorism may include the world war ii bombings of pearl harbor, london, dresden, chongqing, and hiroshima. Issues of the state sponsored terrorism law teacher. States supporting terrorism states that support terrorist organizations, providing financial aid, ideological support, military or operational assistance. The chapter state sponsored terrorism in the 1993 report states. Middle eastern based terrorist groups and states are major perpetrators of terrorism that can ultimately be described as state sponsored. Domestic terrorism by the state terrorism as foreign policy experts and scholars have designed a number of models to describe state terrorism. Definition of statesponsored terrorism in the dictionary. For example, the bombing of guernica has been called an act of terrorism. The twoway the white house said tuesday that president obama would remove cuba from the u. And typically, the definition of a state sponsor of terrorism is a country that uses surrogates as its weapon to attack other people.
May 29, 2008 the current united states approach to state sponsorship of terrorism is flawed, writes daniel byman. There are two broad definitions of state sponsored terrorism. State sponsorship associated with international terrorism, as described in later paragraphs, is the primary focus. Iran continues to be the worlds leading state sponsor of terrorism, the trump administration said wednesday in a new report that also noted a. State support of international terrorism presents a unique opportunity to examine the efficacy of international law in dealing with a political, controversial and often. Byman analysis paper number 16, may 2008 brookings 1775 massachusetts ave. It is party to five of the 12 international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism.
As wi th other atrocities, th ere is a scarcit y of evidence that explicitl y shows such acts to have. International terrorism would not have flourished as it has during the past few decades without the funding, training, safe haven, weapons, and logistic support provided to terrorists by sovereign states. Since terrorism has essentially become an international phenomenon over the last three decades, the expression state sponsored terrorism is now commonly used to describe a states support of international. These constructs have been developed to identify distinctive patterns of statesponsored terrorist. Irans state sponsor of terrorism label excludes it from. Contemporary state terrorism this volume aims to bring the state back into terrorism studies and fill the notable gap that currently exists in our understanding of the ways in which states employ terrorism as a political strategy of internal governance or foreign policy.
The changing nature of state sponsorship of terrorism daniel l. United states and statesponsored terrorism wikipedia. One of the most valuable types of this support is the provision of safe haven or physical basing for the terrorists organization. Global implications of state sponsored terrorism introduction state sponsored terrorism is a growing threat to nations of all sizes and in almost every region of the world. State sponsored terrorism in the middle east 37 inspiration from the iranian revolution and the teachings of the late ayatollah khomenei united states department of state 2010, 216. Syria continues to be categorized as a state sponsor of terrorism, since its first designation in 1979. The current united states approach to state sponsorship of terrorism is flawed, writes daniel byman.
Apr 15, 2015 whos on the list of state sponsors of terrorism, and why. Vii state sponsored terrorism and armed attacks viii conclusion i introduction the tragic events of 11 september 2001, prompted the international community to examine international terrorism anew. The political science research paper on state sponsored terrorism summarized above is a sample of the academic papers we handle. State sponsors of acts of international terrorism legislative parameters. Inclusion on the list imposes strict unilateral sanctions. Institute of justice under a project entitled domestic terrorism. State sponsors of terrorism is a designation applied by the united states department of state to countries which the department alleges to have repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.
State sponsored terrorism literally implies a states use or support of terrorism against another state or against its own people. Security, global stability, and regional peace testimony of matthew a. The primary example to this day is iran and lebanese hezbollah. Statesponsored terrorism is government support of violent nonstate actors engaged in. In doing so, i first establish an acceptable and helpful definition of terrorism that distinguishes it from other forms of insurrection, and then seek to define state sponsored terrorism in the context of international law. To remove cubas terrorism designation, the president would need to submit a report to congress, 45 days prior to the proposed. Information and translations of statesponsored terrorism in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. State sponsored terrorism is government support of violent nonstate actors engaged in terrorism. Because of the pejorative nature of the word, the identification of particular examples are usually subject to political dispute and different definitions of terrorism. Pakistan and statesponsored terrorism in south asia request pdf. The heyday of state sponsored terrorism was the 1970s and 1980s, with the cold war raging between the superpowers while neither was willing to risk escalation to a full scale war and possible nuclear exchange. The magnitude of the acts went beyond terrorism as it was known, and statements from various capitals. View state sponsored terrorism research papers on academia.
Future research should continue to explore the prevalence of statesponsored terrorism over time and. Countries determined by the secretary of state to have repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism are designated pursuant to three laws. Congressional research service 1 introduction from 1988 until 2008, the state department designated the government of north korea, officially known as the democratic peoples republic of korea dprk, as a state sponsor of terrorism. One refers to governments that support or conduct terrorism against other governments. The state sponsor of terrorism label does not present a legal barrier to negotiating with a national government, a fact that allowed the nuclear negotiations to take place, so there is an element. Whos on the list of state sponsors of terrorism, and why. The changing nature of state sponsorship of terrorism. The united states has at various times in recent history provided support to terrorist and paramilitary organizations around the world. Jul 19, 2017 iran continues to be the worlds leading state sponsor of terrorism, the trump administration said wednesday in a new report that also noted a decline in the number of terrorist attacks globally. Designated in 1979 as a state sponsor of terrorism, syria continues its political support to a variety of terrorist groups affecting the stability of the region and beyond. A state sponsor is a government that supports an actor in the performance of an act or acts of terrorism. Feb 23, 2017 pakistan is doing this with military strikes, state sponsored terrorism, economic inducements, and economic punishments such as border closings. In brief congressional research service summary iran, north korea, sudan, and syria are identified by the u. Also known as state supported terrorism, when governments provide supplies, training, and other forms of support to nonstate terrorist organizations.
A national assessment of state and local law enforcement preparedness that was conducted in rands criminal justice research program. Terrorism has grown beyond extremist groups to also include radical states that sponsor or support terrorist activity as tools of their own foreign policy. Military actions primarily directed against noncombatant targets have also been referred to as state terrorism. The twoway the white house said tuesday that president obama would remove cuba. Within this broader context, the volume has a number of specific aims. State sponsors of terrorism united states department of state. Statesponsored terrorism definition of statesponsored. Involvement of states in terrorism is usually placed under the general category of terrorist states, or state sponsored terrorism. Statesponsored terrorism wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pdf state violence as state terrorism researchgate. It has also provided assistance to numerous authoritarian regimes that have used state terrorism as a tool of repression. State sponsors of acts of international terrorismlegislative parameters.
Pakistan is doing this with military strikes, statesponsored terrorism, economic inducements, and economic punishments such as border closings. State sponsored terrorism came in the middle1970s, and. Davis, brian, qaddafi, terrorism, and the origins of the u. In the wake of the september 11, 2001 acts of terrorism in new york city and washington, dc, the united states reconsidered its international response to terrorism and, in so doing, proposed that further action against state sponsors of terrorism would be implemented. He suggests that instead of simply managing a list of state sponsors, washington needs to. That leaves only the second option for removal from the list. The iranian ambassador in damascus has been key coordinator for iranian sponsored terrorism in lebanon and the persian gulf. State sponsored terrorism is a growing threat to nations of all sizes and in almost every region of the world. Iran will expand its capability, become more professional is commiting terrorism, and will broaden its activities geographically. Levitt senior fellow and director of terrorism studies the washington institute for near east policy february 16, 2005 joint hearing of the committee on international relations. Since terrorism has essentially become an international phenomenon over the last three decades, the expression statesponsored terrorism is now commonly used to describe a states support of international. Global implications of state sponsored terrorism by elgie. Whether highly industrialized or developing, wealthy or poor, all nations, in some way are adversely impacted by terrorism and the lasting repercussions of terrorist activities.
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